USP <616> specifies: 500 taps initially. If volume reduction >2% from 500 to 1250 taps, continue to 2000 taps. Most free-flowing powders stabilize by 500 taps.
Yes – use a 10 mL or 25 mL cylinder with 0.001 g balance. Some micro-tap density testers exist (e.g., Quantachrome Autotap with 5 mL insert). bulk density tester
Pycnometer measures true density (solid only, no voids). Bulk density tester includes voids. For the same powder, bulk density ≤ true density. USP <616> specifies: 500 taps initially
This document provides general guidance. Always refer to your specific instrument manual and required regulatory standard for exact test parameters. 2% from 500 to 1250 taps