[ V_d = \frac\sqrt3 \times L \times I_b \times (R \cos\phi + X \sin\phi)1000 \text (for 3-phase) ]
From IEC table – 2.5 mm² copper carries 24 A. Derating: ( C_t = 0.94 ) (35°C). ( I_z = 24 \times 0.94 = 22.56 A ) – adequate. how to calculate cable sizes
References: IEC 60364-5-52, BS 7671 (UK), NEC Article 310 (US), AS/NZS 3008 (Australia). [ V_d = \frac\sqrt3 \times L \times I_b
Increase to 4 mm² (( R_ac ≈ 5.62 \text Ω/km )). Drop = ( 2 \times 40 \times 21.74 \times 5.62 / 1000 = 9.77V ) → 4.25% (still over). Increase to 6 mm² (( R_ac ≈ 3.71 )). Drop = ( 2 \times 40 \times 21.74 \times 3.71 / 1000 = 6.45V ) → 2.8% (acceptable). BS 7671 (UK)