RBBCA remains in force, but its role has evolved. The SARFAESI Act (2002) offers a quicker out-of-court route for secured assets. However, for unsecured debts, or when borrowers challenge the enforcement, RBBCA via DRTs remains a critical channel.

RBBCA stands for Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 . It is an Indian legislative act designed to facilitate the speedy recovery of non-performing assets (NPAs) and other debts owed to banks and financial institutions.

Before this act, banks had to go through civil courts to recover debts, a process that often took years. RBBCA was enacted to create a faster, more efficient mechanism for debt recovery, thereby improving the health of the banking sector.

| Feature | RBBCA, 1993 | SARFAESI Act, 2002 | |--------|--------------|---------------------| | Mechanism | Adjudication by DRTs | Enforcement of security interest without court intervention | | Process | Filing application → Hearing → Recovery certificate | Notice → Possession → Sale of secured assets | | Time frame | Faster than civil courts, but still involves hearings | Very fast (can be 60–90 days) | | Covers | All debts (secured/unsecured) above threshold | Only secured debts |