| Koppen Code | Climate Name | Regions in India | Key Features | |-------------|--------------|------------------|---------------| | | Tropical Monsoon | West Coast (Mumbai to Goa), parts of Kerala | Short dry season (winter), heavy rain (Jun–Sep), annual rainfall >250 cm | | Aw | Tropical Savanna | Most of peninsular India (excluding west coast), e.g., Maharashtra, Karnataka interior, Tamil Nadu | Distinct wet (monsoon) & dry seasons; rainfall 75–150 cm; hot year-round | | BSh | Hot Semi-Arid | Rain-shadow areas: Central Maharashtra, Karnataka interior, parts of Gujarat, Western Rajasthan (fringe) | Erratic rain (40–75 cm); hot summers; moderate winters | | BWh | Hot Desert | Western Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer), parts of Kutch | <25 cm rain annually; extreme temperatures (summer >45°C); cold nights in winter | | Csa | Mediterranean (Warm Temperate) | Kashmir Valley, Himachal Pradesh (parts), Uttarakhand (western) | Dry summer, wet winter (western disturbances); mild to warm | | Cwa | Humid Subtropical | Northern plains (Punjab to West Bengal), foothills of Himalayas | Hot, humid summers; cool, dry winters; monsoon rain (100–200 cm) | | Dfc | Cold (Subarctic) / Alpine | High Himalayas: Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
| Season | Months | Characteristics | |--------|--------|------------------| | | Dec–Feb | Cold, dry (north); mild (south) | | Summer (Pre-Monsoon) | Mar–May | Hot, dry (most areas); some thunderstorms (e.g., Nor’westers) | | Southwest Monsoon | Jun–Sep | Wet, humid (except arid zones) | | Post-Monsoon (Retreating) | Oct–Nov | Decreasing rain; humid evenings; cyclones (Bay of Bengal) | 3. Six Major Climate Types of India (Koppen System) The Koppen classification uses temperature and precipitation. Below are the types found in India:
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| Koppen Code | Climate Name | Regions in India | Key Features | |-------------|--------------|------------------|---------------| | | Tropical Monsoon | West Coast (Mumbai to Goa), parts of Kerala | Short dry season (winter), heavy rain (Jun–Sep), annual rainfall >250 cm | | Aw | Tropical Savanna | Most of peninsular India (excluding west coast), e.g., Maharashtra, Karnataka interior, Tamil Nadu | Distinct wet (monsoon) & dry seasons; rainfall 75–150 cm; hot year-round | | BSh | Hot Semi-Arid | Rain-shadow areas: Central Maharashtra, Karnataka interior, parts of Gujarat, Western Rajasthan (fringe) | Erratic rain (40–75 cm); hot summers; moderate winters | | BWh | Hot Desert | Western Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer), parts of Kutch | <25 cm rain annually; extreme temperatures (summer >45°C); cold nights in winter | | Csa | Mediterranean (Warm Temperate) | Kashmir Valley, Himachal Pradesh (parts), Uttarakhand (western) | Dry summer, wet winter (western disturbances); mild to warm | | Cwa | Humid Subtropical | Northern plains (Punjab to West Bengal), foothills of Himalayas | Hot, humid summers; cool, dry winters; monsoon rain (100–200 cm) | | Dfc | Cold (Subarctic) / Alpine | High Himalayas: Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
| Season | Months | Characteristics | |--------|--------|------------------| | | Dec–Feb | Cold, dry (north); mild (south) | | Summer (Pre-Monsoon) | Mar–May | Hot, dry (most areas); some thunderstorms (e.g., Nor’westers) | | Southwest Monsoon | Jun–Sep | Wet, humid (except arid zones) | | Post-Monsoon (Retreating) | Oct–Nov | Decreasing rain; humid evenings; cyclones (Bay of Bengal) | 3. Six Major Climate Types of India (Koppen System) The Koppen classification uses temperature and precipitation. Below are the types found in India: